Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
A spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when damage to the spinal cord disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals that control movement, sensation, and automatic body functions such as breathing and bladder control. When it’s injured, through trauma, disease, or degeneration, it can lead to partial or complete loss of movement and sensation below the level of injury.
There are two types of SCI complete spinal cord injury, the most severe and usually results in no sensation or voluntary movement below the level of injury. With an incomplete SCI, only part of the spinal cord is damaged, allowing some movement or sensation to remain below the injury. The extent of function can vary, and one side of the body may be more affected than the other.
What causes a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)?
A spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord is damaged due to trauma, disease, or degeneration. Some injuries develop gradually over time, while others happen suddenly, often as a result of trauma. The level and severity of the injury determine how much movement, sensation, and body function are affected.
Common causes of SCI include:
- Traumatic or impact injuries: Road traffic accidents, falls, or sports-related incidents can fracture or dislocate the vertebrae and directly damage the spinal cord.
- Degenerative or disease-related conditions: Spinal tumours, arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and infections can compress or gradually damage the spinal cord over time.
What are some common symptoms of a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)?
The nerves in the spinal cord are essential for controlling a wide range of bodily functions. When these nerves are damaged, it can lead to numerous neurological complications, including respiratory and circulatory problems, as well as bowel and bladder dysfunction. These challenges can also significantly affect mental health, adding to the overall impact of a spinal cord injury.
Among the most common and disabling effects of a spinal cord injury are mobility impairments. The exact symptoms depend on the location and severity of the injury, but they can include paralysis (paraplegia or tetraplegia), paresis (partial paralysis), spasticity, and chronic pain. These conditions often have a lifelong impact on independence and daily living.
What are some common treatment options for Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs)?
Treatment for a spinal cord injury (SCI) depends on the severity, type, and location of the injury. Immediate medical care focuses on stabilising the spine and preventing further damage, while long-term treatment aims to restore function, improve mobility, and enhance quality of life.
Rehabilitation therapies are central to recovery, physiotherapy helps strengthen muscles, improve mobility, and maintain flexibility, and occupational therapy supports regaining daily living skills and independence.
Assistive devices and orthotic solutions are often prescribed to support movement and maximise independence, including:
No matter the type of spinal cord injury you’ve experienced, improving mobility is a key part of long-term care. Being able to move freely is essential for daily life, from personal care and eating to working, getting around, and fully engaging with the world around you. If you or a loved one has experienced a SCI and are looking for ways to enhance your movement and recovery, book an appointment with one of our experienced Orthotists at our Nationwide Clinics.