Stroke
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked or a blood vessel in the brain bursts. When brain cells do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients, they begin to die. The impact of a stroke varies depending on the affected part of the brain. Common effects include difficulties with speech, movement, and cognitive function.
Early recognition of stroke symptoms is vital for improving recovery outcomes. A simple way to remember the key warning signs is with the acronym FAST:
- Facial weakness – can the person smile? Has one side of their face drooped?
- Arm weakness – can the person raise both arms? Does one arm drift downward?
- Speech – can the person speak clearly? Can they understand what you're saying?
- Time – it's time to call 999 immediately if you see any of these symptoms.
What causes a Stroke?
Risk factors that increase the likelihood of a stoke occurring include smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and a family history of stroke. There are two main types of strokes, each caused by different factors:
Ischemic Stroke – This is the most common type of a stroke, caused by a blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain. Blockages can occur due to blood clots (thrombosis) or fatty deposits (atherosclerosis) in the arteries
Hemorrhagic Stroke – This occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding and pressure on brain tissue. Causes include, high blood pressure (hypertension), aneurysms or weakened blood vessels or head injury or trauma
A mini-stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) happens when blood flow to the brain is briefly blocked. Symptoms can go away within minutes or hours, but it is an important warning sign of a possible future stroke.
What are the effects of a stroke and how can it affect mobility?
A stroke can affect different parts of the brain, leading to a wide range of physical, cognitive, and emotional changes. The exact effects depend on the type, location, and severity of the stroke. A stroke often affects walking, balance, and coordination, meaning survivors may need mobility aids or orthotic devices to help increase mobility. Rehabilitation, including physiotherapy and occupational therapy, focuses on restoring strength, improving balance, and helping patients regain independence in daily activities. Other common effects include:
- Weakness or Paralysis: Often on one side of the body, which can make walking, standing, or performing daily tasks difficult.
- Loss of Coordination and Balance: Stroke can affect the brain’s control over movement, increasing the risk of falls.
- Muscle Spasticity or Stiffness: Muscles may become tight or difficult to control, limiting mobility.
What are the treatment options for a stroke?
Immediate stroke treatment is provided in a hospital and focuses on rapid, life-saving care to reduce long-term effects. After the initial emergency treatment, rehabilitation helps survivors regain independence and improve quality of life and many patients benefit from mobility aids and orthotic devices to support their independence.
Common solutions include:
If you or a loved one is recovering from a stroke, speak to one of our experienced Orthotists about rehabilitation options and mobility support. Early intervention and tailored solutions can help improve independence, movement, and quality of life.